/* ==========================================================================
   ScienceIQ.com — "Notebook" design
   Self-hosted fonts (no third-party font requests), no framework.
   ========================================================================== */

@font-face { font-family: "Fraunces"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap; src: url("/fonts/fraunces-latin-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2"); }
@font-face { font-family: "Fraunces"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; src: url("/fonts/fraunces-latin-700-normal.woff2") format("woff2"); }
@font-face { font-family: "Source Sans 3"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url("/fonts/source-sans-3-latin-400-normal.woff2") format("woff2"); }
@font-face { font-family: "Source Sans 3"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap; src: url("/fonts/source-sans-3-latin-600-normal.woff2") format("woff2"); }
@font-face { font-family: "Source Sans 3"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; src: url("/fonts/source-sans-3-latin-700-normal.woff2") format("woff2"); }

:root {
  --paper: #FBFAF7;
  --ink: #1C1B19;
  --ink-soft: #3D3A35;
  --muted: #6B6760;
  --rule: #E6E2DA;
  --rule-strong: #CFC9BE;
  --tint: #F2EFE8;
  --accent: #9B1C1C;
  --accent-dark: #7A1515;
  --serif: "Fraunces", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Source Sans 3", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  --wrap: 1120px;
  --gutter: 20px;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 100vh;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { body { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.65; } }

a { color: var(--accent); }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-dark); }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.15; margin: 1.4em 0 .5em; }
h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}
.skip-link { position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 0; background: var(--ink); color: #fff; padding: 8px 14px; z-index: 100; }
.skip-link:focus { left: 8px; top: 8px; color: #fff; }

.wrap { max-width: var(--wrap); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gutter); }
@media (min-width: 1160px) { .wrap { padding: 0; } }

/* ---------- Header ---------- */
.site-header { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--paper); }
.header-bar {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px;
  padding-top: 14px; padding-bottom: 14px;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .header-bar { padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 14px; } }

.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 26px; letter-spacing: -0.5px;
  color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; line-height: 1;
}
.wordmark:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.wordmark span { color: var(--accent); }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .wordmark { font-size: 34px; } }

.header-tools { display: none; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .header-tools { display: flex; } }

.search-form { display: flex; }
.search-form input {
  width: 300px; height: 44px; border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong); background: #fff;
  padding: 0 14px; font: inherit; font-size: 15px; color: var(--ink); border-radius: 0;
}
.search-form input::placeholder { color: #8A857C; }
.search-form button {
  height: 44px; padding: 0 14px; border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong); border-left: 0;
  background: #fff; color: var(--ink); cursor: pointer; display: flex; align-items: center;
}

.btn-outline {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 8px;
  min-height: 44px; padding: 0 16px; border: 1.5px solid var(--ink); color: var(--ink);
  background: transparent; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; font-size: 15px; font-family: var(--sans);
}
.btn-outline:hover { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; }
.btn-outline svg { flex: none; }

.icon-btn {
  width: 44px; height: 44px; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--ink);
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; cursor: pointer; padding: 0;
}
.mobile-tools { display: flex; gap: 4px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .mobile-tools { display: none; } }

/* Mobile search row and menu drawer */
.mobile-panel { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 14px var(--gutter); }
.mobile-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.mobile-panel .search-form input { width: 100%; min-width: 0; flex: 1; }
.mobile-menu ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.mobile-menu li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.mobile-menu li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.mobile-menu a { display: block; padding: 12px 0; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
.mobile-menu .menu-heading { font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin: 14px 0 2px; }
.mobile-menu .menu-heading:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .mobile-panel { display: none !important; } }

/* Category bar */
.category-nav { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .category-nav { border-top: 0; } }
.category-nav ul {
  list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 20px;
  overflow-x: auto; white-space: nowrap; scrollbar-width: none; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}
.category-nav ul::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .category-nav ul { gap: 30px; flex-wrap: wrap; overflow: visible; } }
.category-nav a {
  display: block; padding: 12px 0; color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .6px; text-transform: uppercase;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .category-nav a { padding: 10px 0; letter-spacing: .8px; } }
.category-nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.category-nav a[aria-current="page"], .category-nav a.is-active { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Page layout ---------- */
.site-main { flex: 1; }
.layout { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 40px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .layout { padding-top: 36px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px; gap: 72px; }
}
.page-narrow { max-width: 760px; }

.breadcrumb { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 14px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .breadcrumb { font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 18px; } }
.breadcrumb a { color: var(--muted); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--ink); }

.kicker { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1.2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .kicker { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.4px; } }
.kicker a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

.page-title {
  margin: 6px 0 10px; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 38px; line-height: 1.1; letter-spacing: -0.5px;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .page-title { font-size: 56px; line-height: 1.05; letter-spacing: -1px; margin-bottom: 12px; } }

.byline { font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 20px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .byline { font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 28px; padding-bottom: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
}

/* ---------- Fact article ---------- */
.fact-figure { margin: 0 0 20px; display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: flex-end; }
.fact-figure img {
  width: 132px; height: 132px; object-fit: cover; border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 4px; background: #fff; flex: none;
}
.fact-figure figcaption { font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; padding-bottom: 6px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .fact-figure { float: right; display: block; width: 180px; margin: 6px 0 16px 28px; }
  .fact-figure img { width: 180px; height: 180px; padding: 5px; }
  .fact-figure figcaption { margin-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 0; }
}

.fact-body > p { margin: 0 0 16px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .fact-body > p { margin-bottom: 18px; } }
.fact-body > p:first-child::first-letter {
  float: left; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 56px; line-height: .9; padding: 6px 8px 0 0;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .fact-body > p:first-child::first-letter { font-size: 72px; line-height: .85; padding: 8px 10px 0 0; } }
.fact-body::after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; }

/* Share */
.share { margin: 8px 0 20px; padding-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.share-title {
  margin: 0 0 10px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 1.2px; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted);
}
.share-buttons { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.share-btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 44px; padding: 0 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-strong); background: #fff; color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;
}
.share-btn:hover { border-color: var(--ink); color: var(--ink); }
.share-btn[hidden] { display: none; }
.share-native { background: var(--ink); color: #fff; border-color: var(--ink); }
.share-native:hover { color: #fff; }

.random-cta { display: flex; width: 100%; min-height: 48px; font-size: 16px; margin: 6px 0 4px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .random-cta { display: none; } }

.prev-next {
  display: none; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding-top: 18px; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 15px;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .prev-next { display: flex; } }
.prev-next a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink); max-width: 48%; }
.prev-next a span { color: var(--muted); }
.prev-next .next { text-align: right; margin-left: auto; }

/* ---------- Sidebar ---------- */
.sidebar { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 32px; margin-top: 28px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .sidebar { margin-top: 0; } }
.ad-slot { min-height: 0; }
.ad-label { display: none; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-transform: uppercase; color: #8A857C; margin-bottom: 4px; }
/* Show the label only when Google actually filled the slot */
.ad-slot:has(ins[data-ad-status="filled"]) .ad-label { display: block; }

.link-list h2 { margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 24px; }
.link-list ol, .link-list ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.link-list li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.link-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.link-list a { display: block; padding: 14px 0; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .link-list a { padding: 12px 0; font-size: 16px; } }
.link-list a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.link-list a.all-link { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }

.about-box { background: var(--tint); padding: 20px; }
.about-box h2 { margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 20px; }
.about-box p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.about-box a { font-weight: 600; font-size: 15px; }

/* ---------- Cards (home, category, author, search) ---------- */
.hero {
  display: grid; gap: 20px; padding: 24px 0 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-bottom: 28px;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) { .hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 200px; gap: 48px; align-items: center; padding: 36px 0; } }
.hero h1 { margin: 6px 0 12px; font-size: 38px; line-height: 1.1; letter-spacing: -0.5px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .hero h1 { font-size: 52px; letter-spacing: -1px; } }
.hero h1 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.hero h1 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.hero p { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.hero img { width: 160px; height: 160px; object-fit: cover; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 5px; background: #fff; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .hero img { width: 200px; height: 200px; } }

.section-title { font-size: 28px; margin: 0 0 16px; }
.card-grid { display: grid; gap: 0; margin-bottom: 36px; }
@media (min-width: 700px) { .card-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 0 40px; } }
.card {
  display: flex; gap: 16px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); text-decoration: none; color: var(--ink);
}
.card:hover h3 { color: var(--accent); }
.card img { width: 96px; height: 96px; object-fit: cover; flex: none; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 3px; background: #fff; }
.card h3 { margin: 4px 0 6px; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.2; }
.card p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.5; }
.card .kicker { font-size: 12px; }

.subcat { margin-bottom: 28px; }
.subcat h3 { font-size: 22px; margin: 0 0 4px; }

.cat-list { display: grid; gap: 0 40px; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 36px; padding: 0; }
@media (min-width: 700px) { .cat-list { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); } }
.cat-list li { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.cat-list a { display: block; padding: 14px 0; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 700; font-size: 20px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.cat-list a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* Authors */
.author-head { display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: flex-start; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); margin-bottom: 24px; }
.author-head img { width: 96px; height: auto; flex: none; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 4px; background: #fff; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .author-head { padding: 36px 0; } .author-head img { width: 130px; } }
.author-head .page-title { margin-top: 0; }
.author-bio { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.author-bio p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.author-card { display: flex; gap: 16px; padding: 18px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.author-card img { width: 72px; height: auto; flex: none; border: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 3px; background: #fff; align-self: flex-start; }
.author-card h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: 21px; }
.author-card h3 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.author-card h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.author-card p { margin: 0; font-size: 15px; color: var(--muted); }

/* Static pages (policies, contact) */
.prose { max-width: 760px; padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 48px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .prose { padding-top: 36px; } }
.prose h1 { margin-top: 0; }
.prose table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 15px; margin: 0 0 18px; }
.prose th, .prose td { text-align: left; vertical-align: top; padding: 8px 10px 8px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.prose th { font-weight: 700; }
.table-scroll { overflow-x: auto; }

/* Search */
.search-page form { margin: 0 0 24px; }
.search-page .search-form input { width: 100%; flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.search-count { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 8px; }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.site-footer { background: var(--ink); color: #D9D5CC; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 20px; }
.footer-inner { padding-top: 22px; padding-bottom: 22px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .footer-inner { flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-top: 26px; padding-bottom: 26px; } }
.site-footer .wordmark { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .site-footer .wordmark { font-size: 22px; } }
.site-footer .wordmark span { color: #F2A7A7; }
.footer-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px 16px; }
@media (min-width: 900px) { .footer-links { gap: 22px; } }
.site-footer a { color: #D9D5CC; }
.site-footer a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-sponsors { border-top: 1px solid #3A3833; padding-top: 14px; padding-bottom: 18px; font-size: 13px; color: #A8A399; }
.footer-sponsors a { color: #D9D5CC; }

/* ---------- Print ---------- */
@media print {
  body { background: #fff; font-size: 12pt; }
  .site-header .header-tools, .mobile-tools, .mobile-panel, .category-nav,
  .sidebar, .random-cta, .prev-next, .share, .site-footer .footer-links, .footer-sponsors, #xc-banner, #xc-prefs { display: none !important; }
  .layout { display: block; padding: 0; }
  .site-footer { background: #fff; color: #000; border-top: 1px solid #000; }
  .site-footer .wordmark, .site-footer .wordmark span { color: #000; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; }
  .fact-figure { float: right; display: block; width: 150px; }
}