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Pangea

From about 280-230 million years ago, (Late Paleozoic Era until the Late Triassic) the continent we now know as North America was continuous with Africa, South America, and Europe. Pangea first began to be torn apart when a three-pronged fissure grew between Africa, South America, and North America. Rifting began as magma welled up through the ...

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Pangea
Biology

The World's Largest Clone

What's the world's largest clone? It's not a sheep, but an aspen tree...and it's a natural clone, not a human-engineered one. Nicknamed 'Pando' (Latin for 'I spread'), this 'stand' of 47,000 aspens in ... Continue reading

WorldsLargestClone
Geology

Predicting Floods

Several types of data can be collected to assist hydrologists predict when and where floods might occur. The first and most important is monitoring the amount of rainfall occurring on a realtime ... Continue reading

PredictingFloods
Biology

A Tickle is All in the Timing

It's often been noted that no matter how hard you might try, you can't tickle yourself. Why not? Whether it's your finger or someone else's, a prod in the ribs is a prod in the ribs. Why should only ... Continue reading

Tickle
Engineering

Alloys

Water is a clear colorless liquid. So is methanol. If one were to take a quantity of methanol and pour it into some water, the result is also a clear colorless liquid. But this one is something new; a ... Continue reading

Alloys

Throw Out Your Thermometer

ThermometerIf you're out camping, and you've left your favorite thermometer at home, how can you figure out the temperature? Not the most earth-shaking problem, we admit, but there is an all natural way to find out the air temperature. Listen to a cricket.

Just count the chirps of the common snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus fultoni) for fifteen seconds and add 40. This will give you a pretty close approximation (usually within one degree) of the ambient temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. For Celsius, count for eight seconds and add 5. The trick works with other crickets as well, with a little tweaking of the numbers.

Only male crickets make the familiar chirping sound. Some say it's by rubbing their legs together; some say it's their wings. Like all anthropoids, crickets are cold-blooded, and hence their metabolism is directly affected by their body temperature. As their body temperature goes down, their metabolic rate goes down, and so does the rate of their chirping. As the temperature warms up, the rate of chirping picks up too. What is so interesting is that in order to be an effective gauge of temperature, all male crickets must be chirping at the same rate, which means a very tight relationship between the insect's metabolic rate and the ambient air temperature.