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The Rapid Movement of the Soybean Rust Pathogen

Soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, results in soybean yield losses of up to 80%. Rust diseases are named for the orange powdery spores produced in leaf pustules. They are easily airborne from plant to plant. ...

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SoybeanRustPathogen
Geology

A National Park of Caves

Carlsbad Caverns National Park has been designated as a world heritage site because of its unique and surprising geology - a story more than 250 million years old that can be read both above and below ... Continue reading

ANationalParkofCaves
Astronomy

Magnitude of an Astronomical Object

'Visual magnitude' is a scale used by astronomers to measure the brightness of a star. The term 'visual' means the brightness is being measured in the visible part of the spectrum, the part you can ... Continue reading

MagnitudeofanAstronomicalObject
Geology

What Are The Dangers Of Lightning?

Lightning is the underrated killer. In the United States, there are an estimated 25 million cloud-to-ground lightning flashes each year. While lightning can be fascinating to watch, it is also ... Continue reading

DangersOfLightning
Biology

A Sweaty Subject

When human body temperature rises, tiny muscles around the sweat glands in the skin contract, squeezing perspiration - better known as sweat - out through the pores. Sweat is about 99 percent water. ... Continue reading

Sweat

Are Bees Physicists?

BeesPhysicsFar-reaching research, and research that promises to join mathematics and biology, has been conducted by a mathematician at the University of Rochester, Barbara Shipman. She has described all the different forms of the honeybee dance using a single coherent mathematical or geometric structure (flag manifold). And interestingly, this structure is also the one that is used in the geometry of quarks, those tiny building blocks of protons and neutrons.

From this and technical evidence too complex to present for our purposes, Shipman speculates that the bees are sensitive to or interacting with quantum fields of quarks. Researchers have already established that bees are sensitive to the planet’s magnetic field, but they have always attributed it to the presence of a mineral in the bee’s abdomen. Shipman’s research indicates that the bees perceive these fields through some kind of quantum mechanical interaction between the quantum fields and the atoms in the membranes of certain cells.