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Fahrenheit 100 and Rising

When you are well, your body temperature varies only a little around 37o C. (98.6o F.), whether you're sweating in a steam room or hiking in the Yukon. The hypothalamus in the brain controls body temperature. It works like a thermostat, sensing the temperature of your blood. When a pathogen (disease-causing microbe) invades, however, the body ...

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Fahrenheit100
Biology

Life In The Extreme

Lowly microbes just may be the toughest living things on Earth. They have learned to survive, and indeed flourish, in the harshest environment imaginable, deep-sea rifts. These rifts are chains of ... Continue reading

Microbes
Geology

Natural Gas - The Blue Flame

It is colorless, shapeless, and in its pure form, odorless. For many years, it was discarded as worthless. Even today, some countries (although not the United States) still get rid of it by burning it ... Continue reading

NaturalGasTheBlueFlame
Geology

What are Hoodoos?

Hoodoos or Goblins are one of the most spectacular displays of erosion. They are geological formations, rocks protruding upwards from the bedrock like some mythical beings, conveying the story of ... Continue reading

WhatareHoodoos
Geology

What Is Air Pressure?

You can think of our atmosphere as a large ocean of air surrounding the Earth. The air that composes the atmosphere is made of many different gases. Nitrogen accounts for as much as 78 percent of the ... Continue reading

WhatIsAirPressure

Did You Smell Something?

SmellThere's not a moment of our lives when smells -- or, more precisely, odor molecules -- aren't impacting our brain. It's been estimated that it takes at least 40 molecules of a given odor for us to be aware of a smell. But each one of our receptor cells can fire in response to as little as a single odor molecule wafting through the air. So even if we think we're not smelling anything, our brain may disagree.

Many studies have shown that your brain reacts to smells whether or not you're aware of them. Undetected odors can alter your brain's electrical activity, according to EEG readings, and can trigger measurable physiological reactions such as changes in body temperature and heart rate. In one experiment, the part of the brain that reacted to the odor molecules was a region responsible for focusing attention and directing awareness. It seems that our brain may be aware of smells and attending to them whether or not our conscious mind is paying attention!