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Oil Viscosity

Everybody recognizes 'oil' as a word for liquid materials that do not behave like water. They have a 'thickness' and self-cohesive character (autocohesion) that enables them to form a film on a surface. Oils have a characteristic feel when rubbed between one's thumb and forefinger. They are often compounds that have a high degree of hydrocarbon ...

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OilViscosity
Astronomy

Amazing GRACE

Gravity has an effect on everyone and everything on Earth. Although we can't see it, smell it, taste it or touch it, we know it's there. Although scientists already know quite a bit about this ... Continue reading

AmazingGRACE
Biology

Bioenergy Basics

Biomass (organic matter) can be used to provide heat, make fuels, and generate electricity. This is called bioenergy. Wood, the largest source of bioenergy, has been used to provide heat for thousands ... Continue reading

BioenergyBasics
Biology

There's A Lot More To Vision Than Meets The Eye

Have you ever heard of Anton's Syndrome? It's a bizarre medical disorder involving a dramatic mismatch between sensory input and conscious awareness. Why is the syndrome bizarre? Not because the ... Continue reading

VisionMeetsTheEye
Geology

Glaciers: Rivers of Ice

Glaciers are massive sheets of ice that occur on every continent of the world except Australia. These giant ice slabs have a humble beginning, as the tiny snowflakes in winter precipitation that ... Continue reading

Glaciers

Billions and Billions

BillionsBillionsNobody really knows how many brain cells anybody has, but typical estimates are around 200 billion. You've heard the late Carl Sagan talk about 'billions and billions of stars' in the universe. Think about this. Each brain cell has many connections with many other brain cells, by way of multi-branching dendrites and axons, communicating across a mind-bogglingly large number of synapses.

How many? If each brain cell connected once to each of the others, that would be 4 with 22 zeros after it, a number so large that it would put Sagan and his billions of stars to shame. One well-known researcher has even asserted that a single human brain has more potential connections than the number of atoms in the universe. Is that really true? In mathematical terms, yes. However, since each connection depends on many atoms, there's no way that such a huge potential could be realized, even in theory. But suffice it to say that the human brain has a vast potential for thinking and learning.