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X-Ray Astronomy vs. Medical X-Rays

It's natural to associate the X-rays from cosmic objects with an X-ray from the doctor's office, but the comparison is a bit tricky. A doctor's X-ray machine consists of two parts: an X-ray source at one end, and a camera at the other. The arm or mouth or other body part to be examined is placed in between these two parts. X-rays from the source ...

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XRayAstronomyvsMedicalXRays
Chemistry

Knocking the NOx Out of Coal

Nitrogen is the most common part of the air we breathe. In fact, about 80% of the air is nitrogen. Normally, nitrogen atoms float around joined to each other like chemical couples. But when air is ... Continue reading

KnockingtheNOxOutofCoal
Geology

What Are The Differences Between Global Warming, Greenhouse Effect, Greenhouse Warming, And Climate Change?

The term Global Warming refers to the observation that the atmosphere near the Earth's surface is warming, without any implications for the cause or magnitude. This warming is one of many kinds of ... Continue reading

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Biology

Respect Your Nose

Our language seems to indicate that we think of the world as divided up into things that 'smell' and things that don't. Garbage smells. Groceries don't. A dirty sock smells. A clean one doesn't. That ... Continue reading

NoseScience
Astronomy

Reading The Colors of the Spectrum

Did you ever wonder how scientists can tell us so much about distant stars, for example, the surface temperature or chemical makeup of a star, light years away from Earth? Scientists can only use what ... Continue reading

SpectrumColors

Snakebots Coming Your Way

SnakebotsEarly robots were stiff, clumsy machines that plodded in straight lines. More modern robots can be radio controlled and move with much more grace and precision. Snakebots, though, can weave through narrow passageways, inspect hard-to-reach areas, coil around pipes, and climb from one structure to another. In rugged terrains where wheels would be impractical, snakebots won't tip over or get bogged down.

What exactly is a snakebot? Gary Haith, head of the Serpentine Robotics Project at NASA Ames Research Center in California, says that a snake robot is a power tool that can crawl to a job site on its own, parts in tow, and then carry out its assigned task. The snakebot's structure is an engineer's dream: it's easy to modify and repair because it's a repeating series of hinged segments. Think of an electric train: just add on as many cars as you want, and take off any you don't need. That's how a snakebot is arranged. Some of the modules on a snakebot can be duplicates. That way, if one area develops a problem, a new element can be snapped into its place. That makes maintaining and repairing the robot very manageable, especially in space where a repair shop isn't handy.