ScienceIQ.com

How Did Dogs Evolve?

While the status of the dog as humankind's best and oldest friend remains unchallenged, debate rages about just how far back the friendship goes. Fossils of domesticated dogs appear in the remains of human settlements between 10,000 and 14,000 years old, but measurements of mutations in the genes of mitochondria (the 'energy factories' of cells) ...

Continue reading...

HowDidDogsEvolve
Geology

What Causes Ice Ages....Or Global Warming?

We know from the rock record and cores taken from polar ice caps that periods of global cooling (ice ages, or periods of glaciation) have alternated with warmer, more temperate periods having climates ... Continue reading

IceAgesGlobalWarming
Geology

How Much Water in an Inch of Snow?

If the snowfall amounts were translated into equivalent volumes of water - then how much water would that be? Using a rule of thumb that each 10 inches of snow, if melted, would produce one inch of ... Continue reading

HowMuchWaterinanInchofSnow
Astronomy

The Constellations

The random arrangement of the stars visible to the naked eye has remained essentially unchanged since the time of the first written records. One of the earliest complete lists we have was compiled in ... Continue reading

TheConstellations
Mathematics

What Is The Pythagorean Theorem?

Pythagoras was a famous Greek mathematician. He was particularly interested in the properties of triangles, and discovered a simple, fundamental relationship between the lengths of the sides of right ... Continue reading

PythagoreanTheorem

An Invasion of Infiltrators

InfiltratorsWhy might a species be invasive in one country but not a big problem in its native land? As an example, consider a plant that is a major weed in the U.S. but in its native land it may be a minor pest. Many weeds have chemical defense systems that make them taste bad. In the weed's native land the animals that feed on the weed often evolve along with the weed and become resistant to the weed's defense systems.

In its native land, the weed may have insects that eat its roots, maybe another that bores into its stems, while other insects may eat its leaves, and still others eat its seed. Additionally, there may be rodents that also feed on its seeds.

If this weed then starts growing in a new country, there may be few if any animals that are attracted to this weed as a food source. One way to control the weed is to go to its native land and look for what are called 'natural enemies,' that is diseases of the plant and insects that prefer that weed species as food. These natural enemies are then tested to see if they would attack plants in the U.S. other than the intended weed. If there are no problems, then the natural enemy might be released on the weed.