ScienceIQ.com

Bird Flu, Swine Flu, Human Flu

Influenza, unlike many viruses that make humans sick, can also affect birds and pigs. Generally strains of the influenza virus that causes disease in people are slightly different from those that affect birds and pigs. People and pigs can catch flu from each other, and birds and pigs can catch it from each other, but until 1997 people didn't catch ...

Continue reading...

BirdFluSwineFlu
Astronomy

The Brave and Cold Ulysses

Deep space is cold. Very cold. That's a problem--especially if you're flying in an old spaceship. And your power supplies are waning. And the fuel lines could freeze at any moment. Oh, and by the way, ... Continue reading

TheBraveandColdUlysses
Astronomy

What Is Polarimetry?

Polarimetry is the technique of measuring the 'polarization' of light. Most of the light we encounter every day is a chaotic mixture of light waves vibrating in all directions. Such a combination is ... Continue reading

WhatIsPolarimetry
Biology

I Am The Walrus

The walrus is a member of the pinniped family, which also includes sea lions and seals. Walrus differ from some seals in that they can turn their hind limbs forward. This characteristic enables them ... Continue reading

IAmTheWalrus
Geology

Was That The Big One? Depends On How You Measured It.

The severity of an earthquake can be expressed in terms of both intensity and magnitude. However, the two terms are quite different, and they are often confused. Intensity is based on the observed ... Continue reading

TheBigOne

How To Calculate The Circumference Of A Circle

CircumferenceOfACircleA circle is what you get if you take a straight line and bend it around so that its ends touch. You can demonstrate this by taking a piece of stiff wire and doing just that: bring the ends of the wire together end a circle shape will be formed. A true circle has a center, and every point on the line that got bent around to make the circle is exactly the same distance from this central point. That distance is called the radius of the circle. If you were to measure across the center of the circle from one edge to the other, you would be measuring the diameter of the circle. The diameter of a circle is exactly twice the length of the radius of the circle.

Because the length of the line that got bent around to make the circle is a very exact value and doesn't change, it will only make a circle of a certain size. The distance around the edge of the circle is called the circumference, and it can only be the same as the length of that line. There must therefore be a relation between the radius of a circle and the length of that line. The diameter of a circle is related to the circumference through a simple ratio: the value of 2p. If you were to take the original straight line and cut it into pieces so that each piece is as long as the radius of the circle, you would find in the end that you would have six equal pieces and one shorter piece. The circumference of a circle, then, is calculated by the general formula C = 2pr or C = pd.

As an example of how to use this formula, suppose you want to lay out a circular path in a garden to make a flower bed that will be 20 feet across. The path will be made of stones and you have enough stones to make 50 feet of the pathway. Will you need more stones, and if so, how much more will you need? (use p = 3.14) Substituting these values into the formula, you find that your path will be C = p X d. So C equals 3.14 X 20, or 62.8 feet long. Go get more stones.