ScienceIQ.com

How Blood Clots

Scabby knees and bruised shins are as much a part of growing up as climbing trees. Minor injuries from paper cuts to skinned elbows are nothing to worry about for most people, because the blood's natural clotting process swings into action whenever the skin is broken or a blood vessel damaged. Clotting stops bleeding. Without it, even a small ...

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BloodClots
Physics

The Fourth State of Matter

There are three classic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas; however, plasma is considered by some scientists to be the fourth state of matter. The plasma state is not related to blood plasma, ... Continue reading

ForthState
Engineering

What Are Composite Materials?

A composite material is one in which two or more separate materials have been combined to make a single construct having more desirable properties. What many people don't realize is that composites ... Continue reading

CompositeMaterials
Biology

How Biological Clocks Work

Anyone who has traveled has experienced jet lag—that groggy realization that while your day is beginning in Washington, DC, the night you just left in San Francisco is hardly over. Jet lag is an ... Continue reading

HowBiologicalClocksWork
Biology

What Are Stem Cells?

When an egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, it quickly becomes a single cell from which all cells of the body-to-be will be created. This 'mother of all cells' is what biologists call a totipotent stem ... Continue reading

StemCells

Potassium Iodide To The Rescue

PotassiumIodideSince the end of the Cold War, the focus of the nuclear threat has changed from hostile countries to terrorist cells. What should we do if terrorists set off a dirty bomb in a populated area, or sabotage a nuclear power plant? Some say the first thing we should do is grab a bottle of potassium iodide (KI). But that depends. First, about the KI.

Iodine is an essential part of a healthy diet. It is used by the thyroid gland to create hormones that regulate body functions. Without it, we leave ourselves open to a host of physical ailments. The thyroid takes in iodine on an as-needed basis. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are produced during certain nuclear reactions. And therein lies the problem; our bodies cannot tell the difference between healthy iodine and the deadly radioactive iodine. If our thyroid absorbs radioactive iodine, we are at a much higher risk of developing thyroid cancer and other diseases. To prevent this from happening, either immediately before exposure to radioactive iodine, or shortly thereafter, we can saturate our thyroid gland with KI. Since the thyroid can only hold so much, there will be no room for any radioactive iodine.

Now the 'that depends' part. Radioactive iodine unfortunately is only one type of radiation that may be produced in a nuclear accident or terrorist attack. Gulping down KI will have absolutely no effect on other types of radiation that pass through and destroy healthy cells. But, if it is radioactive iodine, potassium iodide may just save your life.