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Powerful Quasars

Quasars appear as distant, highly luminous objects that look like stars. Strong evidence now exists that a quasar is produced by gas falling into a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy. Quasars are peculiar objects that radiate as much energy per second as a thousand or more galaxies, from a region that has a diameter about one ...

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PowerfulQuasars
Biology

Where Do Frogs Go In The Winter?

Mammals are endotherms, meaning they maintain a constant body temperature no matter what the environmental conditions are. For example, humans, dogs and cats are mammals. When the weather gets cold, ... Continue reading

WhereDoFrogsGoInTheWinter
Geology

Is the Dead Sea really dead?

The Dead Sea is located on the boundary between Israel and Jordan at a lowest point on earth, at 400 meters (1,320 feet) below sea level. All waters from the region, including the biggest source, the ... Continue reading

IstheDeadSeareallydead
Mathematics

What Is The Pythagorean Theorem?

Pythagoras was a famous Greek mathematician. He was particularly interested in the properties of triangles, and discovered a simple, fundamental relationship between the lengths of the sides of right ... Continue reading

PythagoreanTheorem
Engineering

The Truth About Atomic And Hydrogen Bombs

In the 1930's Enrico Fermi and other scientists studying the properties of radioactive materials observed an interesting phenomenon. They found that the readings taken with a Geiger counter were lower ... Continue reading

AtomicAndHydrogenBombs

Potassium Iodide To The Rescue

PotassiumIodideSince the end of the Cold War, the focus of the nuclear threat has changed from hostile countries to terrorist cells. What should we do if terrorists set off a dirty bomb in a populated area, or sabotage a nuclear power plant? Some say the first thing we should do is grab a bottle of potassium iodide (KI). But that depends. First, about the KI.

Iodine is an essential part of a healthy diet. It is used by the thyroid gland to create hormones that regulate body functions. Without it, we leave ourselves open to a host of physical ailments. The thyroid takes in iodine on an as-needed basis. Radioactive isotopes of iodine are produced during certain nuclear reactions. And therein lies the problem; our bodies cannot tell the difference between healthy iodine and the deadly radioactive iodine. If our thyroid absorbs radioactive iodine, we are at a much higher risk of developing thyroid cancer and other diseases. To prevent this from happening, either immediately before exposure to radioactive iodine, or shortly thereafter, we can saturate our thyroid gland with KI. Since the thyroid can only hold so much, there will be no room for any radioactive iodine.

Now the 'that depends' part. Radioactive iodine unfortunately is only one type of radiation that may be produced in a nuclear accident or terrorist attack. Gulping down KI will have absolutely no effect on other types of radiation that pass through and destroy healthy cells. But, if it is radioactive iodine, potassium iodide may just save your life.