ScienceIQ.com

Splitting Hairs

Pluck a single strand of hair from your head and you've lost what scientists call the hair shaft. The shaft is made of three layers, each inside the other. The outer casing is the cuticle. Under an electron microscope, the cuticle reveals itself as a series of overlapping layers, something like shingles on a roof. Inside the cuticle lies the ...

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SplittingHairs
Medicine

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese medicine theorizes that there are more than 2,000 acupuncture points on the human body, and that these connect with 12 main and 8 secondary pathways called meridians. Chinese ... Continue reading

Acupuncture
Biology

Proteins In General

Proteins form our bodies and help direct its many systems. Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells. They exhibit an enormous amount of chemical and structural diversity, enabling them ... Continue reading

ProteinsInGeneral
Science

Inventor Samuel Pierpont Langley

Born in the Boston suburb of Roxbury, Ma., Samuel Langley was one of America's most accomplished scientists. His work as an astronomy, physics, and aeronautics pioneer was highly regarded by the ... Continue reading

SamuelPierpontLangley
Engineering

Dress Sizes The Scientific Way

In pre-industrial America, most clothing was crafted at home or by professional tailors or dressmakers from individual measurements taken of each customer. In the early Twentieth Century, the growing ... Continue reading

DressSizesTheScientificWay

Space Lasers Keep Earth's Air Clean

SpaceLasersKeepEarthsAirCleanSpace laser technology is coming to our smokestacks and automobiles. Leave it to NASA to take its inventions to another level, helping to keep our air clean and breathable. A recent NASA invention, originally designed to help lasers control carbon monoxide in the cold environment of space, is now being tested for use here on Earth. The technology is called Low-Temperature Oxidation Catalysts (LTOC). Scientists at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia are gearing a variation of this technology towards reducing the formaldehyde and carbon monoxide in smokestack emissions by a whopping 85 to 95 percent. Engineers are also looking to use LTOC technology to reduce pollution caused by auto emissions. Even though most cars today have catalytic converters, they're only effective when the engine exhaust reaches a high temperature. LTOC technology could reduce the auto exhaust pollutions made up of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides by about 30 percent.

Why the push to reduce these gases from our air? Because carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas, hydrocarbons damage the Earth's ozone layer and contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect, and nitrogen oxide contributes to both smog and acid rain. Clean air is one of the only elements we can't live without. The trick to why this new discovery will work on autos is that the air-cleaning process would begin the moment the vehicle is started. Right now, millions of cars start up in colder temperatures and release toxic gasses before the engine exhaust reaches a temperature high enough for the catalytic converter to be effective. When you think about the billions of times cars are started each day, the amount of toxic gasses released into the atmosphere is staggering. Since the LTOC technology was designed to work in the sub-freezing temperature of space, the cleansing would start immediately, even in the cold catalytic converter.

When this new space-age technology is applied to everyday uses, everyone on the planet will benefit. In the meantime, NASA is monitoring Earth's atmosphere with several orbiting satellites, soon to be joined by Aura, one of NASA's most ambitious atmospheric monitoring systems ever launched. NASA is now partnering with commercial industries to help bring smokestack and automotive LTOC systems to the marketplace. As America's Vision for Space Exploration moves forward and we journey back to the Moon, then Mars and beyond, we'll need a healthy planet to return to. NASA is helping to make that happen.