ScienceIQ.com

Why Is Blood Pressure Two Numbers?

Blood pressure might better be called heart pressure, for the heart's pumping action creates it. To measure blood pressure, health workers determine how hard the blood is pushing at two different times: when the heart contracts, called systole; and when the heart relaxes, called diastole. The contraction of the ventricles during systole gives the ...

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WhyIsBloodPressureTwoNumbers
Engineering

X-Ray Images & False Color

The colors we see in the world around us are the result of the way that the human eye and brain perceive different wavelengths of light in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. X-rays, and ... Continue reading

XRayColor
Biology

The Handsome Betta Fish

The Betta fish is possibly the most handsome tropical fish out there. We say handsome because the male of the species is the bigger and more exotic one. Referred to as the jewel of the Orient, Betta ... Continue reading

BettaFish
Biology

St. John's Wort

St. John's wort is an herb that has been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, including to treat depression. The composition of St. John's wort and how it might work are not well understood. ... Continue reading

StJohnsWort
Engineering

X-Ray Astronomy vs. Medical X-Rays

It's natural to associate the X-rays from cosmic objects with an X-ray from the doctor's office, but the comparison is a bit tricky. A doctor's X-ray machine consists of two parts: an X-ray source at ... Continue reading

XRayAstronomyvsMedicalXRays

Sweet Dolphin Dreams

DolphinDreamsImagine if your breathing wasn't an automatic response. That might work during the day. But what about when you went to sleep? You wouldn't get a good night's sleep if you had to wake up every few minutes to consciously take a breath. Luckily for humans, and most mammals, breathing is regulated by our autonomic or involuntary nervous system.

This isn't true for dolphins. Dolphins have to consciously control their breathing. An involuntary system would give an animal that may or may not be under water at any given moment, some obvious problems. So, if they must be conscious to breathe, how do dolphins sleep?

A dolphin's brain, like ours, is divided into two hemispheres. But rather than having both hemispheres close down for the night, as we do, dolphins sleep on only one side of their brains at a time. Dolphins are very active for about eight hours a day, with both sides of their brains taking part in their activities. The rest of the time, the two hemispheres take turns sleeping. A dolphin continues swimming slowly near the surface of the water during periods of sleep with one eye wide open and aware of its surroundings. This way of sleeping allows the animal to keep breathing and has the added benefit of keeping that one eye open for predators.