ScienceIQ.com

Why Are Zebra Mussels Successful As Invaders?

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter and colonized parts of Lake St. Clair. In less than 10 years, zebra mussels spread to all five Great Lakes and into the Mississippi, Tennessee, ...

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ZebraMusselsInvaders
Geology

Water In The Ground

Some water underlies the Earth's surface almost everywhere, beneath hills, mountains, plains, and deserts. It is not always accessible, or fresh enough for use without treatment, and it's sometimes ... Continue reading

WaterInTheGround
Chemistry

Catalysts

Chemical reactions are interactions between atoms and molecules that result in a change in their relative arrangements and interconnections. The reaction affects only individual atoms and molecules, ... Continue reading

Catalysts
Biology

Hey Nose-Brain!

Sex, food, and smell are linked in our brain by ancient pathways governing appetite, odor detection, and hormones. In fact, another name for the brain's limbic system (a primitive ... Continue reading

NoseBrain
Biology

Word Power of the Very Young

Before they turn 2, most children have a vocabulary of about 50 words. From 1st to 5th grades, according to some estimates, their vocabulary increases by about 30,000 words. That's 20 words a day! How ... Continue reading

WordPowerChildren

Is It Sexism or Racism?

SexismRacismCan you judge a cat by the color of its coat? Well, you can judge the gender by the color of its coat! Only 1 in 27 orange cats are girls, and more surprisingly, only 1 in 3000 calico cats are males!

Like humans, female cats have two X chromosomes and male cats have one X and one Y chromosome. The color of a cat's coat is determined by genes in the X chromosome. The X chromosome carries the black fur gene or the orange fur gene, not both. For a female cat to have calico markings, one of the X chromosomes needs to have the black fur gene, and the other needs to have the orange fur gene. Since male cats have only one X chromosome, it is not possible for them to be orange and black, at least not usually.

Sometimes, an egg cell will have two X chromosomes instead of one, or a sperm cell will have one X and one Y chromosome when it should only have one or the other. The cat will end up with the combination XXY, an extra chromosome! This also happens in humans and is called 'Klinefelter's Syndrome'. In cats, one X chromosome can have the black fur gene, and the other the orange fur gene. The result is a calico male cat that is usually sterile. The next time you see a calico or an orange tabby, you probably can judge whether it's a boy or a girl, and it isn't sexism or racism, it's genetics! Make a bet with someone!