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Lunar Explorations

Ever since the beginning of intelligent life on Earth, the moon has been a focal point of human curiosity. Galileo’s discovery in 1610 that the moon had craters, valleys and mountains, instead of the smooth surface previously believed, only added to a burning desire to learn more. ...

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LunarExplorations
Biology

Wise As An Owl

Are owls the smartest birds? According to trainers that work with them, not by a long shot. Parrots are easy to train and can have extensive vocabularies. Hawks can be taught to retrieve objects. Even ... Continue reading

WiseAsAnOwl
Biology

Proteins In General

Proteins form our bodies and help direct its many systems. Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells. They exhibit an enormous amount of chemical and structural diversity, enabling them ... Continue reading

ProteinsInGeneral
Biology

St. John's Wort

St. John's wort is an herb that has been used for centuries for medicinal purposes, including to treat depression. The composition of St. John's wort and how it might work are not well understood. ... Continue reading

StJohnsWort
Engineering

What Are Composite Materials?

A composite material is one in which two or more separate materials have been combined to make a single construct having more desirable properties. What many people don't realize is that composites ... Continue reading

CompositeMaterials

Sweet Dolphin Dreams

DolphinDreamsImagine if your breathing wasn't an automatic response. That might work during the day. But what about when you went to sleep? You wouldn't get a good night's sleep if you had to wake up every few minutes to consciously take a breath. Luckily for humans, and most mammals, breathing is regulated by our autonomic or involuntary nervous system.

This isn't true for dolphins. Dolphins have to consciously control their breathing. An involuntary system would give an animal that may or may not be under water at any given moment, some obvious problems. So, if they must be conscious to breathe, how do dolphins sleep?

A dolphin's brain, like ours, is divided into two hemispheres. But rather than having both hemispheres close down for the night, as we do, dolphins sleep on only one side of their brains at a time. Dolphins are very active for about eight hours a day, with both sides of their brains taking part in their activities. The rest of the time, the two hemispheres take turns sleeping. A dolphin continues swimming slowly near the surface of the water during periods of sleep with one eye wide open and aware of its surroundings. This way of sleeping allows the animal to keep breathing and has the added benefit of keeping that one eye open for predators.