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The Fourth State of Matter

There are three classic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas; however, plasma is considered by some scientists to be the fourth state of matter. The plasma state is not related to blood plasma, the most common usage of the word; rather, the term has been used in physics since the 1920s to represent an ionized gas. Space plasma physics became an ...

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ForthState
Biology

The Dogma of Life

Dogmas are authoritative tenets common in religion and philosophy. But in molecular biology? Molecular biology has a central dogma, proposed by Francis Crick in 1953, that says that genetic ... Continue reading

MolecularBiology
Engineering

Red Dot Replacing Cross Hairs

A bullet fired from a gun becomes subject to the pull of gravity and begins to fall the instant it leaves the gun barrel. The farther away from the gun the bullet travels, the lower to the ground it ... Continue reading

RedDotReplacingCrossHairs
Astronomy

The Oldest Light in the Universe

A NASA satellite has captured the sharpest-ever picture of the afterglow of the big bang. The image contains such stunning detail that it may be one of the most important scientific results of recent ... Continue reading

OldestLightUniverse
Biology

Neurogenesis

Until recently, any doctor would have told you that when you lose brain cells, you can never replace them. Scientists now know that the human brain has the ability to regenerate brain cells, or ... Continue reading

Neurogenesis

How To Calculate The Volume Of A Cylinder

VolumeOfACylinder Calculating the volume of a cylinder is even easier than calculating its area. All you have to do is recognize that a cylinder is no more than just a bunch of circles stacked to a certain height, just like a cube is just a bunch of squares stacked up one on top of the other, and every circle in the stack is identical. The area of each circle is obtained by multiplying the radius of the circle by itself and then by the value of p. The length of the cylinder is just the length of the cylinder. The volume of the cylinder can then be calculated by the general formula: V = pr2l.

As an example of how to use this formula, suppose you have a large water storage tank by your garden that you need to fill with water. You also promised to take the kids to a baseball game in exactly four hours. Your garden hose delivers 25 liters of water every minute, and you want to know how long it will take to fill the tank this way The tank is three meters long and 1.5 meters wide, which means the radius is 0.75 meters. (use p = 3.1416 for a more accurate estimate). The volume is therefore; V = pr2, = 3.1416 X 3 X 0.75 X 0.75, = 5.8905 cubic meters.

Each cubic meter contains 1000 liters, so the tank holds 5890.5 liters. At 25 liters per minute it will take 235.62 minutes to fill the tank from your garden hose, or 3 hours and 56 minutes. Turn the hose on right now, and don't forget to turn it off when you take the kids to the baseball game.