ScienceIQ.com

Sonic Boom

They sound like thunder, but they're not. They're sonic booms, concentrated blasts of sound waves created as vehicles travel faster than the speed of sound. To understand how the booms are created, look to the ocean. On the sea, there are small ripples in the water. As a boat slowly passes through the ripples, they spread out ahead of the boat. As ...

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SonicBoom
Geology

Plate Tectonics

In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word tectonics comes from the Greek root 'to build.' Putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics, which ... Continue reading

PlateTectonics
Geology

Haleakala Crater

Modern geology indicates that the Hawaiian Islands are situated near the middle of the Pacific Plate, one of a dozen thin, rigid structures covering our planet like the cracked shell of an egg. Though ... Continue reading

HaleakalaCrater
Astronomy

Blast Wave Blows Through the Solar System

Although the Sun provides the means for life on Earth, it has a dark side - the Sun regularly sends massive solar explosions of radiative plasma with the intensity of a billion megaton bombs hurtling ... Continue reading

BlastWaveSolarSystem
Medicine

Mad Cow Disease

In 1986, the first case of 'mad cow' disease or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was found in cattle in Great Britain. Irritable personalities, fearful behavior, and a staggering gait preceded ... Continue reading

MadCowDisease

How To Calculate The Circumference Of A Circle

CircumferenceOfACircleA circle is what you get if you take a straight line and bend it around so that its ends touch. You can demonstrate this by taking a piece of stiff wire and doing just that: bring the ends of the wire together end a circle shape will be formed. A true circle has a center, and every point on the line that got bent around to make the circle is exactly the same distance from this central point. That distance is called the radius of the circle. If you were to measure across the center of the circle from one edge to the other, you would be measuring the diameter of the circle. The diameter of a circle is exactly twice the length of the radius of the circle.

Because the length of the line that got bent around to make the circle is a very exact value and doesn't change, it will only make a circle of a certain size. The distance around the edge of the circle is called the circumference, and it can only be the same as the length of that line. There must therefore be a relation between the radius of a circle and the length of that line. The diameter of a circle is related to the circumference through a simple ratio: the value of 2p. If you were to take the original straight line and cut it into pieces so that each piece is as long as the radius of the circle, you would find in the end that you would have six equal pieces and one shorter piece. The circumference of a circle, then, is calculated by the general formula C = 2pr or C = pd.

As an example of how to use this formula, suppose you want to lay out a circular path in a garden to make a flower bed that will be 20 feet across. The path will be made of stones and you have enough stones to make 50 feet of the pathway. Will you need more stones, and if so, how much more will you need? (use p = 3.14) Substituting these values into the formula, you find that your path will be C = p X d. So C equals 3.14 X 20, or 62.8 feet long. Go get more stones.