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Lunar Explorations

Ever since the beginning of intelligent life on Earth, the moon has been a focal point of human curiosity. Galileo’s discovery in 1610 that the moon had craters, valleys and mountains, instead of the smooth surface previously believed, only added to a burning desire to learn more. ...

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LunarExplorations
Geology

Bryce Canyon

Bryce Canyon is a small national park in southwestern Utah. Named after the Mormon Pioneer Ebenezer Bryce, Bryce Canyon became a national park in 1924. ... Continue reading

BryceCanyon
Biology

Monkey See Monkey Do: Mirror Neurons May Lie At The Root Of Language

Self-awareness, the ability to infer the mental states of others, and language are considered uniquely human cognitive skills. But they didn't spring into the human brain out of nowhere. A ... Continue reading

MonkeySeeMonkeyDo
Biology

Word Power of the Very Young

Before they turn 2, most children have a vocabulary of about 50 words. From 1st to 5th grades, according to some estimates, their vocabulary increases by about 30,000 words. That's 20 words a day! How ... Continue reading

WordPowerChildren
Science

Serendipity In Science

Most scientists accept the notion that serendipity plays a major role in their work. Too many discoveries have been, after all, the result of 'lucky accidents.' In the 16th century, for example, ... Continue reading

SerendipityInScience

Was Popeye Wrong?

SpinachWhen you think of Popeye the Sailor what is the first thing that comes to your mind? It is probably spinach. Popeye used to get extraordinary strength as soon as he munched down a can of spinach. Why was that?

In 1930's, when this cartoon character was invented, people believed that spinach contained amazing amounts of iron, a mineral metal that gives strength and endurance. The problem was that Dr. Wolfe, a German scientist who determined the nutritional value of spinach in 1890's, made a mistake by a factor of ten! All those years people believed that spinach had ten times more iron that it actually does. Ironically, we now know that the iron in spinach is locked up with oxalic acid and can't be used by the body. In addition, spinach contains phytate, a chemical that prevents iron from entering the bloodstream. So, spinach is actually an iron-blocker!

Does this mean that all those wonderful Popeye cartoons are sending the wrong message to kids about the importance of eating spinach? … Not at all! It turns out that the message is truer today than ever. We now know that spinach contains carotenoids, including beta-carotene (which may protect from some types of cancer) and lutein (which is good for healthy eyes). It also contains quercetin, a phytochemical with antioxidant properties; which ensures healthy lung formation in children. Spinach is also rich in vitamins and minerals, folic acid, vitamin K, etc. Just one cup of spinach has about 100% of US recommended daily intake of vitamin A which is great at boosting one's immune system.