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Single Molecule Electroluminescence

Incandescence and luminescence are two main ways of producing light. In incandescence, electric current is passed through a conductor (filament of a light bulb for example). The resistance to the current in the conductor heats it up and it starts emitting light - glowing. Any other form of producing light without heat is called Luminescence, ...

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Electroluminescence
Medicine

It's Hay Fever Season!

If spring's flying pollen is making you sneeze, you are not alone. Some 40 to 50 million people in the United States complain of respiratory allergies, and experts estimate that three to four million ... Continue reading

HayFever
Engineering

Drip, Drip Water Clocks

Water clocks were among the earliest timekeepers that didn't depend on the observation of celestial bodies. One of the oldest was found in the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I, buried around ... Continue reading

DripDripWaterClocks
Engineering

Bicycle Chain for Fleas

Sandia National Laboratories has engineered the world’s smallest chain. The distance between chain link centers is only 50 microns. In comparison, the diameter of a human hair is approximately 70 ... Continue reading

FleaBicycle
Geology

The Mineral Chalcedony

Chalcedony is a catch all term that includes many well known varieties of cryptocrystalline quartz gemstones. They are found in all 50 States, in many colors and color combinations, and in ... Continue reading

TheMineralChalcedony

Billions and Billions

BillionsBillionsNobody really knows how many brain cells anybody has, but typical estimates are around 200 billion. You've heard the late Carl Sagan talk about 'billions and billions of stars' in the universe. Think about this. Each brain cell has many connections with many other brain cells, by way of multi-branching dendrites and axons, communicating across a mind-bogglingly large number of synapses.

How many? If each brain cell connected once to each of the others, that would be 4 with 22 zeros after it, a number so large that it would put Sagan and his billions of stars to shame. One well-known researcher has even asserted that a single human brain has more potential connections than the number of atoms in the universe. Is that really true? In mathematical terms, yes. However, since each connection depends on many atoms, there's no way that such a huge potential could be realized, even in theory. But suffice it to say that the human brain has a vast potential for thinking and learning.