ScienceIQ.com

Somewhere Over Which Rainbow?

How many rainbows are there really when we only see one during a rainstorm? The answer isn't as simple as you might think! Rainbows are formed when light enters a water droplet, reflects once inside the droplet, and is reflected back to our eyes. Each raindrop reflects and refracts the light that enters it in all possible ways. When light first ...

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DoubleRainbow
Engineering

Dress Sizes The Scientific Way

In pre-industrial America, most clothing was crafted at home or by professional tailors or dressmakers from individual measurements taken of each customer. In the early Twentieth Century, the growing ... Continue reading

DressSizesTheScientificWay
Biology

Neurons

Until recently, most neuroscientists thought we were born with all the neurons we were ever going to have. As children we might produce some new neurons to help build the pathways - called neural ... Continue reading

Neurons
Biology

Why Are Zebra Mussels Successful As Invaders?

The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small, non-native mussel originally found in Russia. In 1988, this animal was transported to North America in the ballast water of a transatlantic ... Continue reading

ZebraMusselsInvaders
Biology

Cloning and Ethics

Cloning technology today is far from perfect: it requires many attempts and only 1%, if any, of the cloned eggs become embryos and then survive. For example, the first cloned sheep, Dolly, was ... Continue reading

CloningandEthics

What Makes Those Jumping Beans Jump?

WhatMakesThoseJumpingBeansJumpMexican jumping beans intrigue us because we don't understand how this inanimate object could actually jump, even though we see it with our own eyes. It is the question everyone wonders when they see the jumping beans. We think to ourselves, is it alive or are there strings attached making it jump? Well, neither of these theories are correct. Our curiosity of the special beans sparks our fascination of why they jump. Mexican jumping beans are grown in Mexico on a type of shrub. The shrub grows in sandy or rocky soils. It is also grows in the wild on some islands in the Gulf of California. The jumping bean shrub is a member of the Euphorbia Family and produces a milky, poisonous substance in its stems. Its leaves are a shiny, bright green and turn red in winter.

Jumping beans are not actually beans, or seeds. It is actually a section of a seed capsule. So what makes them jump? Interestingly, Laspeyresia saltitans, a small gray moth, inserts its larva into the seed capsule. The larva eats the inside of the jumping 'bean' and flings itself from one wall to the other. This is what causes the bean to jump. Once the moth inserts her larva into the seed and it becomes a 'jumping bean', the plant cannot reproduce from that seed. Not all of the seeds have a larva inside of them, which is a good thing for the population of the jumping bean shrub.

Jumping beans are usually only sold seasonally, from July to September. The moth inserts her larva in early spring, which gives it time to eat the inside of the seed. If you ever buy a Mexican jumping bean, remember that there is something very much alive in it and it doesn't jump forever. Eventually, the larva runs out of food. You'd think with all that jumping around the poor larva would have a headache!