ScienceIQ.com

Why is Red-Green Colorblindness a 'Guy Thing?'

Colorblind girls and women are rare, while men who can't match their socks are relatively common. The reason is a genetic phenomenon called sex-linked inheritance. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. One of those pairs, called X and Y, determines sex. Most females have 2 Xs. Most males have an X and a Y. The Y chromosome carries the genes that ...

Continue reading...

ColorBlindness
Engineering

A Quick Guide To Gliders

A glider is a special kind of aircraft that has no engine. Paper airplanes are the most obvious example, but gliders come in a wide range of sizes. Toy gliders, made of balsa wood or styrofoam, are an ... Continue reading

AQuickGuideToGliders
Geology

You, Graphite and Diamonds

Living things, including you and me, and diamonds, are made of the same substance: the element carbon (C). Carbon atoms in our bodies are bound to other atoms, such as hydrogen and oxygen, in organic ... Continue reading

GraphiteDiamonds
Geology

The Hole Scoop on Ozone

Ozone is a molecule containing three oxygen atoms. It is blue in color and has a strong odor. Normal oxygen, which we breathe, has two oxygen atoms and is colorless and odorless. Ozone is much less ... Continue reading

OzoneHole
Biology

Prokaryotic Organisms

It appears that life arose on earth about 4 billion years ago. The simplest of cells, and the first types of cells to evolve, were prokaryotic cells--organisms that lack a nuclear membrane, the ... Continue reading

ProkaryoticOrganisms

Sweet Dolphin Dreams

DolphinDreamsImagine if your breathing wasn't an automatic response. That might work during the day. But what about when you went to sleep? You wouldn't get a good night's sleep if you had to wake up every few minutes to consciously take a breath. Luckily for humans, and most mammals, breathing is regulated by our autonomic or involuntary nervous system.

This isn't true for dolphins. Dolphins have to consciously control their breathing. An involuntary system would give an animal that may or may not be under water at any given moment, some obvious problems. So, if they must be conscious to breathe, how do dolphins sleep?

A dolphin's brain, like ours, is divided into two hemispheres. But rather than having both hemispheres close down for the night, as we do, dolphins sleep on only one side of their brains at a time. Dolphins are very active for about eight hours a day, with both sides of their brains taking part in their activities. The rest of the time, the two hemispheres take turns sleeping. A dolphin continues swimming slowly near the surface of the water during periods of sleep with one eye wide open and aware of its surroundings. This way of sleeping allows the animal to keep breathing and has the added benefit of keeping that one eye open for predators.