ScienceIQ.com

What is Garlic Mustard?

If someone told you that they were going to look for garlic mustard, you would probably think they were making dinner. Garlic Mustard, or Alliaria petiolata, is actually a plant native to Europe. It belongs to the mustard family and when crushed, gives off the aroma of garlic. Garlic Mustard is a biannual herb with heart shaped leaves and small ...

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WhatisGarlicMustard
Geology

Silent Earthquakes

Try this demonstration of earthquake movement. Shape modeling clay into two blocks or get two firm sponge blocks. Press the sides of the blocks together while trying to slide them slowly past each ... Continue reading

SilentEarthquakes
Chemistry

Ozone: Good Up High, Bad Nearby

Ozone is a gas that forms in the atmosphere when 3 atoms of oxygen are combined (03). It is not emitted directly into the air, but at ground level is created by a chemical reaction between oxides of ... Continue reading

Ozone
Astronomy

Lunar Explorations

Ever since the beginning of intelligent life on Earth, the moon has been a focal point of human curiosity. Galileo’s discovery in 1610 that the moon had craters, valleys and mountains, instead of the ... Continue reading

LunarExplorations
Biology

Heady Success

Hammerhead sharks might strike you as strange: or, they might just strike you. Among the oddest-looking of sharks, all nine types of hammerheads sport heads with sides stretched wide, like the head of ... Continue reading

HeadySuccess

An Invasion of Infiltrators

InfiltratorsWhy might a species be invasive in one country but not a big problem in its native land? As an example, consider a plant that is a major weed in the U.S. but in its native land it may be a minor pest. Many weeds have chemical defense systems that make them taste bad. In the weed's native land the animals that feed on the weed often evolve along with the weed and become resistant to the weed's defense systems.

In its native land, the weed may have insects that eat its roots, maybe another that bores into its stems, while other insects may eat its leaves, and still others eat its seed. Additionally, there may be rodents that also feed on its seeds.

If this weed then starts growing in a new country, there may be few if any animals that are attracted to this weed as a food source. One way to control the weed is to go to its native land and look for what are called 'natural enemies,' that is diseases of the plant and insects that prefer that weed species as food. These natural enemies are then tested to see if they would attack plants in the U.S. other than the intended weed. If there are no problems, then the natural enemy might be released on the weed.